Nanotechnology is playing a key roles in a wide spectrum of industry sectors including manufacturing, information technology, electronics, and healthcare. Novel devices at the nanoscale have become increasingly important in all of these industries. The ability to measure dimensions, characterize materials, and elucidate structures of new and novel materials at the nanoscale will be critical to the advancement of nanotechnology. In addition, one of the exciting prospects of nanotechnology lies in the ability of molecules or particles, under specific conditions, to self-assemble to form new materials with miracle properties. Successful development of these new materials require the ability to monitor such processes at the nanoscale in real time. This module describes about the characterization and manipulation tools which are essential for the development of the products by nanotechnology.